Materials Development

Name: Solanki Pratiksha M.

Roll No: 21 

Enrolment No: 13101032

Sem : 3 (2014-2015)

Paper No: 12. English Language Teaching (ELT)

Subject: Assignment

Title: Materials Development

Submitted to:

Smt. S.B.Gardi

Department of English

M.K.Bhavnagar University

pratikshasolanki068@gmail.com     


+ Materials Development

>> Introduction:

Now days, Materials development is a very important in each field. Materials development also includes the production, evaluation, and adaption of Language Teaching Materials by teachers for their own classrooms and by Materials writers for sale or distribution. Materials include anything which can be used to facilitate the learning of a language. Materials can be visual, Linguistic, auditory etc..

>> Background:

Materials Development treated as a sub-section of methodology, in which materials were usually introduced as examples of methods in action rather than as a means to explore the principles and procedures of their development..

+ For Example: 

Books for teachers included examples of materials in each section or differently at the end of a book. But Materials Development was not their main concern. Like a few books appeared in the 1980s dealing specifically with aspects of materials development...

 An Important Factor in Changing Attitudes to Materials Development...

> Effective way of helping teachers

> Helping teachers to understand

> Apply theories of Language Learning

> Achieve personal and Professional development

> Provide experience of The process

> Increase Materials

     And in another factor where there is mo course book can be idea; for any particular class and effective classroom teacher need to be able to evaluate adapt and produce materials.

>>Research:

There has been little published research in Materials development.  Projects, publishers, pilot materials and the evaluation of course book..

+ Main Problems in materials evaluation is the subjective nature of many of the instruments of evaluation with the views of the researcher often determining what is real measured and valued.

+ “The Framework “used must be determined by the reason, objectives  and  circumstances of the evaluation..

For example: 

J.B.Brown’s evaluation, extra points are awarded for course books which include tests... But however, recently there have been attempts to design objective themes so that provide more information about all materials.

“Designing appropriate materials is not a science... It is a strange mixture of imagination, insight and analytical reasoning.. “

>>Practice :

 

  + Current Trends in Published Materials

  + Trends in Project Materials

  + Possible Future Direction..

>>Current Trends In Published Materials:

Now days there are number of trends are noticeable in commercially produced materials. If we compared nine recent lower level course books from different publishers and found that all followed a similar Presentations, Practice and production (PPP) Approach.  There are more activities requiring investments by the learners in order for them to make discoveries.

+ There are more interactive learning packages which make use of different media to provide a high experience of language learning and to offer the learning choice of approach and route..

+ There are also more extensive reader series being produced with..

Fewer Linguistic Constraints

Provocative Content

>>Trends In Project Materials:

There are many countries groups of writers produce local Materials.  From observation of such projects in..

Bulgaria, China, Indonesia, Ireland, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Norway, Romania, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Vietnam..These are following trends are noticeable..

+ Writing teams often consist of teachers and teacher trainers, who are in touch with the needs and wants of learners.

+ Writing teams are often large deliberately pooling the different talents available.

+ Materials are content and meaning focused with English being used to gain new knowledge, experience and skills.

     More learning and experiments have also been conducted in generating materials for course rather than relying solely on commercially produced materials ; For Example.. Hall (1995 ) reports on a genre-based approach and a student-generated , experiential approach developed at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand , and a number of researchers are currently experimenting with experiential approaches to literature on ESP courses in Singapore and Thailand.

>> Possible Future Direction.

Materials will continue to aim at the development of accuracy, fluency and appropriacy while placing more emphasis on helping learners achieve effects.. They will provide less practice and Materials will stop catering predominantly for the “good language learner “ and will start to cater more for the many learners who are experiential inclined. Materials will move away from spoken practice of written grammar, talking more account of the grammar of speech and here contain of materials will more engaging which have development value. More materials will be available on the internet and many use of internet as a text sources..

>>Issues In Materials Development :

There are many questions in the field of materials development and it is also includes many controversies..

+ Do learners need a course book?

There is a many convenient and important form of presenting materials, it helps to achieve progress and continuation, it gives learners a sense of system..

+ Should Materials be learning or acquisition focused?

Most language, textbooks aim at explicit learning of language plus practice. The main exceptions are materials developed in the 1980s , which aim at facilitating informal acquisition of communicative competence though communication activities such as discussions , projects , games, simulations and drama..There are many experiential advocates argue that learners need to be exposed to the reality of language use and can be motivated by the sense of achievements and involvement which can be gained from communicating in language learning..

+ Should texts be contrived or authentic?

Main aim of materials is that to explicit learning which usually contrive examples of language which focus on the feature being taught. Usually these examples are presented in short, easy texts or dialogues and it is argued that they help the learner by focusing attention on the target feature.

Widdowson says that..

“Pedagogic presentation of language ... Necessarily involves methodological contrivance which isolates features from their natural surroundings.”

+ Should Materials be censored?

Most publishers are anxious not to risk giving and provide writers of global course book with many lists of taboo topics. Whilst some form of censorship might be pedagogically desirable.

>> Conclusion :

Linguistics such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, language analysis, discourse analysis and pragmatics, of developing teacher awareness of methodological options, and of improving the effectiveness of materials..

  

Thank you..