Name: Solanki Pratiksha M.
Roll No: 21
Enrolment No: 13101032
Sem : 3
(2014-2015)
Paper No: 12. English Language Teaching (ELT)
Subject:
Assignment
Title: Materials Development
Submitted
to:
Smt. S.B.Gardi
Department
of English
M.K.Bhavnagar
University
+ Materials Development
>> Introduction:
Now days, Materials development is a very
important in each field. Materials development also includes the production,
evaluation, and adaption of Language Teaching Materials by teachers for their
own classrooms and by Materials writers for sale or distribution. Materials
include anything which can be used to facilitate the learning of a language.
Materials can be visual, Linguistic, auditory etc..
>> Background:
Materials Development treated as a sub-section of
methodology, in which materials were usually introduced as examples of methods
in action rather than as a means to explore the principles and procedures of
their development..
+ For Example:
Books for teachers included examples of materials
in each section or differently at the end of a book. But Materials Development
was not their main concern. Like a few books appeared in the 1980s dealing
specifically with aspects of materials development...
> Effective
way of helping teachers
> Helping
teachers to understand
> Apply
theories of Language Learning
> Achieve
personal and Professional development
> Provide
experience of The process
> Increase
Materials
And in another factor where there is mo course
book can be idea; for any particular class and effective classroom teacher need
to be able to evaluate adapt and produce materials.
>>Research:
There has been little published research in
Materials development. Projects, publishers,
pilot materials and the evaluation of course book..
+ Main Problems in materials evaluation is
the subjective nature of many of the instruments of evaluation with the views
of the researcher often determining what is real measured and valued.
+ “The Framework “used must be determined
by the reason, objectives and circumstances of the evaluation..
For example:
J.B.Brown’s evaluation, extra points
are awarded for course books which include tests... But however, recently there
have been attempts to design objective themes so that provide more information
about all materials.
“Designing
appropriate materials is not a science... It is a strange mixture of
imagination, insight and analytical reasoning.. “
>>Practice :
+ Current Trends in Published Materials
+ Trends in Project Materials
+ Possible Future Direction..
>>Current Trends In Published Materials:
Now days there are number of trends are noticeable
in commercially produced materials. If we compared nine recent lower level course
books from different publishers and found that all followed a similar
Presentations, Practice and production (PPP) Approach. There are more activities requiring investments
by the learners in order for them to make discoveries.
+ There are more interactive learning
packages which make use of different media to provide a high experience of
language learning and to offer the learning choice of approach and route..
+ There are also more extensive reader
series being produced with..
Fewer Linguistic Constraints
Provocative Content
>>Trends In Project Materials:
There are many countries groups of writers produce
local Materials. From observation of
such projects in..
Bulgaria, China, Indonesia, Ireland, Mauritius,
Morocco, Namibia, Norway, Romania, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and
Vietnam..These are following trends are noticeable..
+ Writing teams often consist of teachers
and teacher trainers, who are in touch with the needs and wants of learners.
+ Writing teams are often large deliberately
pooling the different talents available.
+ Materials are content and meaning focused
with English being used to gain new knowledge, experience and skills.
More
learning and experiments have also been conducted in generating materials for
course rather than relying solely on commercially produced materials ; For
Example.. Hall (1995 ) reports on a genre-based approach and a
student-generated , experiential approach developed at the Asian Institute of
Technology in Thailand , and a number of researchers are currently
experimenting with experiential approaches to literature on ESP courses in
Singapore and Thailand.
>> Possible Future Direction.
Materials will continue to aim at the development
of accuracy, fluency and appropriacy while placing more emphasis on helping
learners achieve effects.. They will provide less practice and Materials will
stop catering predominantly for the “good language learner “ and will start to
cater more for the many learners who are experiential inclined. Materials
will move away from spoken practice of written grammar, talking more account of
the grammar of speech and here contain of materials will more engaging which
have development value. More materials will be available on the internet and
many use of internet as a text sources..
>>Issues In Materials Development :
There are many questions in the field of materials
development and it is also includes many controversies..
+ Do learners need a course book?
There is a many convenient and important form of
presenting materials, it helps to achieve progress and continuation, it gives
learners a sense of system..
+ Should Materials be learning or
acquisition focused?
Most language, textbooks aim at explicit learning
of language plus practice. The main exceptions are materials developed in the
1980s , which aim at facilitating informal acquisition of communicative
competence though communication activities such as discussions , projects ,
games, simulations and drama..There are many experiential advocates argue that
learners need to be exposed to the reality of language use and can be motivated
by the sense of achievements and involvement which can be gained from
communicating in language learning..
+ Should texts be contrived or authentic?
Main aim of materials is that to explicit learning
which usually contrive examples of language which focus on the feature being
taught. Usually these examples are presented in short, easy texts or dialogues
and it is argued that they help the learner by focusing attention on the target
feature.
Widdowson says that..
“Pedagogic
presentation of language ... Necessarily involves methodological contrivance
which isolates features from their natural surroundings.”
+ Should Materials be censored?
Most publishers are anxious not to risk giving and
provide writers of global course book with many lists of taboo topics. Whilst
some form of censorship might be pedagogically desirable.
>> Conclusion :
Linguistics such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics,
psycholinguistics, language analysis, discourse analysis and pragmatics, of
developing teacher awareness of methodological options, and of improving the
effectiveness of materials..
Thank you..
